In May 2021, a team led by the academician Pan Jianwei successfully developed the 62-qubit programmable superconducting quantum computing prototype “Zuchongzhi-1”. Based on this, the team was able to realize two-dimensional programmable quantum walks. In October, they built the 66-qubit superconducting programmable quantum computing prototype “Zuchongzhi-2”, which was able to provide a rapid solution to the “random quantum circuit sampling” task. In the same month, Pan Jianwei’s team, in cooperation with the Shanghai Institute of Microsystems, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Parallel Computer Engineering and Technology Research Center, developed a theoretical and experimental method for the stimulated amplification of a quantum light source. At the same time, the team constructed the quantum computing prototype “Jiuzhang-2”, featuring 113 photons and 144 modes, thus realizing its programmable phase function. The team found a quick solution to the Gaussian Bose sampling task used to demonstrate the “advantages of quantum computing”. According to the previously published classical optimization algorithm, “Jiuzhang-2” outperformed today’s fastest supercomputers, operating at speed 1024 times faster than the latter when dealing with Gaussian Bose sampling. These achievements single out China as the only country to realize “quantum advantage” in both physical systems.